Anthrax :: essays research papers

Anthrax is the preferred biological warfare agent because: It is highly lethal. 100 million lethal doses per gram of anthrax material (100,000 times deadlier than the deadliest chemical warfare agent). Silent, invisible killer. Inhalational anthrax is virtually always fatal. There are low barriers to production. Low cost of producing the anthrax material. Not high-technology. Knowledge is widely available. Easy to produce in large quantities. It is easy to weaponize. It is extremely stable. It can be stored almost indefinitely as a dry powder. It can be loaded, in a freeze-dried condition, in munitions or disseminated as an aerosol with crude sprayers. Currently, we have a limited detection capability. What is Anthrax? Anthrax is a naturally occurring disease of plant eating animals (goats, sheep, cattle, wine, etc.) caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It is an illness which has been recognized since antiquity. Anthrax was common in essentially all areas where livestock are raised. Intensive livestock immunization programs have greatly reduced the occurrence of the disease among both animals and humans in much of the world, an most outbreaks occur in areas where immunization programs have not been implemented or have become compromised (primarily Africa and Asia; however, outbreaks occurred during the mid- I 990's in Haiti and the former Soviet Union). Anthrax spores can remain viable for several decades under suitable environmental conditions; thus, absence of cases does not equate to absence of risk. Humans can contract anthrax in three ways: Through cuts or breaks in the skin resulting from contact with an infected animal (cutaneous anthrax), resulting in local and possibly systemic (bloodstream) infection. From breathing anthrax spores (termed "woolsorters" disease) resulting in an infection of the lungs (inhalational anthrax). From eating infected meat, resulting in gastrointestinal infection (gastrointestinal anthrax). Gastrointestinal anthrax is generally not considered a threat to U.S. forces. What are the symptoms? Symptoms of anthrax begin after a 1 to 6 day incubation period following exposure. For contact or cutaneous anthrax, itching will occur at the site of exposure followed by the formation of a lesion. Untreated contact anthrax has a fatality rate of 5-20 percent, but with effective antibiotic treatment, few deaths occur. Initial symptoms for inhalational anthrax are generally non-specific: low grade fever, a dry hacking cough, and weakness. The person may briefly improve after 2 to 4 days; however within 24 hours after this brief improvement, respiratory distress occurs with shock and death following shortly thereafter.

Buddhism vs. Hinduism

Both Buddhism and Hinduism are widely practiced religions of the world. No one is completely certain of where Hinduism was started and by whom it was led. However, today Hinduism is the third largest religion of the world. And with the passage of time many changes and alterations have been made in this religion. Most importantly, Hinduism includes many different beliefs and dominations that have arisen. Even though there are many common things exist in different Hinduism sects and their beliefs are tied to some extents.The â€Å"Vedas† is considered the oldest written document of Hinduism and it was being written in 1000 B. C but had existed orally long before. On the other hand, Buddhism is a transformed version of Hinduism. Buddhism was founded by Gautama the Buddha. Buddhism is known for its Middle Path that which neither promotes extreme asceticism nor absolute hedonism yet still leads to nirvana. In addition, the Buddha promoted the 8 fold path, that of right thinking, ri ght effort, right speech, right of understanding, right of livelihood, right of concentration and right of mindfulness.Though the Buddhism or the middle path discouraged the concept of and external God waiting to mete honour or punishment, besides, it strongly believed in the cycle of reincarnation finishing which a seeker could achieve nirvana, the ultimate enlightenment. Both Hinduism and Buddhism arose in South Asia, and thus stem from a similar culture and philosophy. Difference between Buddhism and Hinduism Buddhism believes in soul and matter and there is no place for God, besides this Hinduism considers God as the creator of the universe.In contrast, Buddhism denies the Vedas authority and dislikes animal sacrifice, while Hinduism believes in the authority of Vedas and attaches special significance to the Vedic rituals. â€Å"Buddhism does not believe in the superiority of the Brahmans or any caste distinctions, while Hinduism puts emphasis on the caste system and considers the same bed rock of the whole social system. Buddhism is missionary religion which aims at converting entire mankind to the doctrines of Buddha; while Hinduism never seeks converts and it has no definite organization like the Buddhist sangha.A personal element is introduced by Buddhism in the form of Buddha as the saviours, while there are no such personal elements in Hinduism†. (Nerox, pg, 1) On matters of social structure Hinduism and Buddhism differ greatly. The two religions also distinguish because Buddhism emphasizes and Hinduism omits individual freedom to progress socially and spiritually in the current life. In comparing the two religions, one can easily find why it is that Hinduism has showed the more stable and Buddhism the more humanitarian philosophy.The caste system is the outstanding instance of Hinduism's establishment tendencies. If casting among Hindus sects they can be divided into four major classes, Shudra, Brahman, Vaishya and Kshatriya, or people outsid e of all the classes. However members belong to different castes have different duties. In Hinduism usually the Caste is determined by birth, and it does not allowing individual freedom, social advancement and career choice. Moreover, the castes are socially ranked, forming an upper as well as lower social division.Caste, then, determines one's potential education, one's profession, one's social position, even defining these limitations for your children. These social restrictions are reinforced by the idea that caste is determined by sins or virtues in a previous life: how well one satisfied his dharma in the past. In addition, the responsibilities of one's current caste also constitute the dharma which will further punish or advance one in your next life. Put differently, exceeding one's dharma in not only unnecessary, but likely will hurt your dharma, causing you to fall into a lower caste in your next life.â€Å"This intertwining of social strata with religion creates a fatalis m derived from inevitable destiny, guilt complexes of past life caste determination, a philosophy of acceptance, and fear of punishment for transcending one's dharma. In this light, Hinduism becomes a tremendous force for stagnation, eliminating the initiative for progress in a philosophy of acceptance which breeds apathy for social justice. Such a pervasive philosophy becomes an asset to the status quo and ruling stratum, stabilizing the social structure at the expense of individuals†.(Hinduism and Buddhism† a comparison) In contrast, in the social or political structure of a society Buddhism plays little role. Buddhism in reality began as a reaction to the violence of Hindu society, including the viciousness of the caste system. Buddhism focuses not on the society, but on every single person, hence divorcing religion from the interests of the ruling stratum. Even though the Buddhism does see life as pain and suffering and renascence as a renewal of this suffering, ther e is a possible escape.If one resigns his attachment to hope and self, Nirvana, or escape from the cycles of suffering, is not impossible. The most significant aspect of Nirvana, nevertheless, is its unobstructed access to people of any social background. Put differently, although a Hindu â€Å"untouchable† cannot perhaps advance in this life through any extraordinary attempt of his own. In this regard, any Buddhist can attain Nirvana through the 4 Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, realizations essential of suffering and the methods to remove all suffering.A significant indicator of the contrast between Buddhism and Hinduism arises in their historical relationship. Buddhism, naturally, arose as a reform movement out of Hinduism. This in itself inclines to put Buddhism in a more convinced light as the religion that incorporated Hindu beliefs while excluding the negative aspects of Hinduism. Certainly, this turns out to be the case when the caste system can be studied thorou ghly. While Hinduism not only perpetuates, but is itself the caste system, Buddhism absolutely rejects any system of caste.During the rule of Ashoka Buddhism in reality reached high levels of support, which followed the Buddhist concept of ahimsa, or non violence, and its tendency toward greater equality. The good looks of a philosophy/religion of peace and general freedom, including a refusal of the social stigmas of caste for â€Å"untouchables† and lower caste members, brought thousands of converts. Again, nevertheless, the historical relationship of Buddhism and Hinduism depicts the inherent malleability and intensity of Hinduism.Furthermore, the Buddha was made an avatar of Vishnu in order to incorporate the Buddhist movement into Hinduism. â€Å"The Buddhists consider the world to be full of sorrow and regard ending the sorrow as the chief aim of human life. The Hindus consider that there are four chief aims (arthas) in life which every being should pursue. They are dh arma (religious duty), artha (wealth or material possessions), kama (desires and passions) and moksha (salvation. )† (Hinduism vs Buddhism: Hinduism and Buddhism Compared) ConclusionThe two Buddhism and Hinduism religions are very alike, and yet very different. They strive for an inner peace and at last to reach heaven through either moksha or nirvana. Culture plays a tremendous role in determining your beliefs. Both Hinduism and Buddhism religions seem to have components which would do the West good to learn, but only Buddhism religion lacks any large scale negative repercussions for its followers. Furthermore, Hinduism and Buddhism are two major religions, firmly planted in their cultures, and It looks that they will remain for a long time to come.Works Cited Hinduism and Buddhism† a comparison http://sc. essortment. com/hinduismandbud_rtqs. htm Accessed, June 15, 2007 Hinduism vs Buddhism: Hinduism and Buddhism Compared http://www. experiencefestival. com/a/Hinduism_v s_Buddhism/id/54137 Accessed, June 15, 2007 Nerox (11 May 2007), Journal Article What are the similarities and differences between Buddhism and Hinduism, (page, 1) White, Sharon. (n. d. ), Journal Article â€Å"Buddhism and Hinduism: Differences and Similarities, (page, 1)

Mother Teresas Style of Leadership Free Essay Example, 2250 words

In addition, Mother Teresa was so simple and humble and having comfort was never on her mind. The clothes and sari she put on were not expensive and according to her, the white sari with blue border symbolized peace and solace to the poor and destitute. Mother Teresa was convinced that she needs to suffer for her to heal and help other individuals and this is something she told Princess Diana when she met her. More so, she took initiatives during a famine in Ethiopia and informed the US President Ronald Reagan, during that time to send his support to the place with food and medicine. Indeed, Mother Teresa was very humble and she never paid more attention about her own image or condition when helping others. This for sure is a rare quality that is hardly seen in many leaders all over the world. For instance, whenever she happened to travel in flights, Mother Teresa used to collect some leftover food from all the other travellers on the plane and distribute the food to hungry and need y individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Teresas Style of Leadership or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In most cases, she had no money to help her assist the poor, but she never hesitated to beg and help these individuals. Nevertheless, Mother Teresa was courageous as she helped those individuals suffering from leprosy when the rest of the society confined them in solitude area. More so, she was never felt tired or discouraged to construct homes for the refugees and the homeless, care for the blind, and attend to those affected by flood and famine or any national disaster with a lot of passion and affection. Through her efforts, the poor and homeless individuals were brought to the homes and given food and medical attention. Again, those were very sick beyond recovery were given a chance to die with dignity in their last moments. She possessed moral qualities by being concerned with needs of the disadvantaged in the society and ensure that their dignity was upheld accordingly. Even though she was a Christian, her generosity exceeded as she only focus ed on doing what pleases God by making other people’s lives meaningful and better. Some scholars have referred to her as an authentic leader and her achievements and personal qualities remains as an inspirational figure. 8 Mother Teresa was a great leader figure admired worldwide and she influenced many people with her work. She saved and transformed the lives of many individuals through her faith and determination. In 1948, Mother Teresa founded Missionaries of Charity through which she dedicated her whole life to assisting the disadvantaged all over the world but particularly those in India.

Essay on HISTORY - 1490 Words

Name: Date: Graded Assignment Final Exam Part 2 I. Map On this world map, indicate the following features: Amazon Rainforest Panama Canal The Himalayas The Ring of Fire The Mississippi River The Gobi Desert (10 points) II. Graphic Organizer Fill in the table below about these five major world religions. Do not fill in the shaded boxes. (10 points) Religion Name at least one Holy Text How do you achieve enlightment? Describe their view about the afterlife. Hinduism Bhagvada Gata Do good deeds to get good karma until you break the samsara or cycle of reincarnation and reach enlightenment Buddhism Believe the Four Truths are true and real, follow the Eightfold Path, meditation is one of the major steps to†¦show more content†¦Voting patterns even seem to follow where the ice age hit worst and where it didn’t but this may have nothing to do with the ice age andmerely just that the industrialized regions are interested in different aspects of what each candidate hs to offer. IV. Short Answer Consider that Earth’s population is projected to rise to 10 billion by the year 2050. The current population is only around 6 billion. Most scientists predict global warming will be noticeable by the year 2050 as well. What parts of the world currently have the fastest and slowest population growth? (4 points) Fastest ïÆ'   Sub-Saharan Africa Slowest ïÆ'   Europe What regions do you think will have the highest population densities in the year 2050? Explain why. (6 points) My best guess is India will have the highest population density because they are industrializing quickly, have plenty resources and are working to get more and also they have lot of job opportunities. In other places it does seem like there will be much industrialization such as Africa which can cause the people to die out when they do nt have resources. Also the culture in India from what I have seen is that people have many children and encourage big families and take care of each other. How do you think the population increase will affect urban areas in the world? (5 points) They will continue toShow MoreRelatedValuation of Integrated Oil Gas Companies Msc Thesis33042 Words   |  133 Pages.........................40 FIGURE 26: BP PLC, DCF SUMMARY OUTPUT..............................................................................................................................................42 FIGURE 27: EXXON MOBIL CORP, DCF SUMMA RY OUTPUT..................................................................................................................43 FIGURE 28: BP PLC, DCF MODEL BACKTEST FIGURE 29: EXXON MOBIL CORP, DCF MODEL BACKTEST........................................Read MoreEconomics a Good Choice of Major7583 Words   |  31 Pages0.42 0.31 0.31 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 20 Chart 9. Probability of Becoming an SP 500 CEO, by Major, as Compared to Economics 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 Econ Engin Busin Poli Science Math Acct Hist Comput Engl Health Bio Soc Psych Grouping the 14 majors into the four categories used earlier in the trend analysis, Economics, Business, Science Engineering and Liberal Arts (excluding Economics), generates the results shown in Chart 10. When

Essay on Fredrick Douglass - 1173 Words

â€Å" Agitate! Agitate! Agitate!† ( Huggins,180). These are the words of Fredrick Douglass that could represent the way he lived his life. Not willing to accept his life as a slave, he rose to become a great and honorable man that held a voice of influence over the reform movement’s throughout the 19th century. He is one of the American leaders who provided a powerful voice for human rights and racial injustice during this period of American history. Throughout his life he was first and foremost an abolitionist, fighting against slavery until its elimination. He was a man dedicated to a cause, determined to try everything in his power to fight for what he believed fair, which was racial equality. As a young man Fredrick had fire; a burning†¦show more content†¦Fredrick’s sense that slavery was immoral was also influenced by the idea stated in the Declaration of Independence that â€Å"all men are created equal.† He felt all Americans must live up to these ideals that they so proudly based the new nation on. He seemed to view that if the American people created the constitution, then the nation must live up to and embody its lofty tenets and principles. He said that the â€Å"United States was the boldest in their pretensions to freedom, and loudest in their professions of love of liberty, yet no nation exhibited a code of laws as cruel, malicious and infernal as that of the Americans.† (Huggins, 37). â€Å"Every page is red with the blood of the American Slave† ( Huggins, 37). The primary goal that Frederick wanted to accomplish as a reformer was to establish racial equality. Trying to work towards his ultimate goal he established more immediate goals. When the civil war first started such as fighting for the emancipation of the slaves and allowing for the rights of blacks to enlist in the union army. He hoped that the outcome of the war might be that â€Å"everyone in the country be entitled to the same rights protection and opportunities.† (Huggins, 97). He also said that â€Å"the black man a solider in war, a laborer of peace ; a voter in the South as well in the North; America his permanent home, and Americans his permanent countrymen.†( Huggins, 98). After the civil war, Fredrick fought for the adoption of constitutionalShow MoreRelatedThe Fredrick Douglass Journey. Fredrick Douglass Was Well1355 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fredrick Douglass journey Fredrick Douglass was well known abolitionist know for influence on the black community through his stories from moving around during the slave journey, his escape, and his rise to being an abolitionist. Not many people believed that Douglass was a slave, many people just believed for him to be another abolitionist that preached about slavery but never been through it. So, he decided it was his job to make his story known. Using his biographies we see that Fredrick DouglassRead MoreBiography of Fredrick Douglass1294 Words   |  5 Pagesinventors, but what about the people that are in between – the people that fought for equality. Fredrick Douglass arguably had the greatest impact on American society, especially African American society, in the nineteenth century. Douglass is credited as being an abolitionist, author, editor, and diplomat. He used literature, books, newspapers, and even speeches, to leave a long lasting mark on our society. Douglass advised presidents and lec tured to thousands about different causes, including women’s rightsRead More Fredrick Douglass Essay852 Words   |  4 Pages The purpose behind Fredrick Douglass’s Narrative was to appeal to the other abolitionists who he wanted to convince that slave owners were wrong for their treatment of other human beings. His goal was to appeal to the middle-class people of that time and persuade them to get on board with the abolitionist movement. Douglass had a great writing style that was descriptive as well as convincing. He stayed away from the horrific details of the time, which helped him grasp the attention of the womenRead MoreSlave Fredrick Douglass772 Words   |  3 Pagesman of hope and undying perseverance, Frederick Douglass escapes the shackles of slavery into the safety of the North, where he achieves the ultimate dream of the southern slave: freedom. He overcomes his struggles with his identity and knowledge of his past. In his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, the cruelty and inhumane ways of slaveholders are depicted in their truest forms through the personal accounts of Frederic k Douglass. Douglass is fearful of having to stay as a slave for lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of Fredrick Douglass s If There Is No Struggle 1395 Words   |  6 PagesGrant Todd Mr. Sotak English 9 23 May, 2016 Activism within Fredrick Douglass â€Å"If there is no struggle, there is no progression,† is what Fredrick Douglass said during his speech at Canandaigua, New York During an event celebrating West Indian Emancipation Day (blackpast.org). This is saying that struggles and hardships need to happen to get anything accomplished. A lot of people today view Fredrick Douglass as a civil rights activist because the things he has achieved and the way he has positivelyRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass1693 Words   |  7 Pages Slavery on a plantation was drastically different from slavery in the city. Frederick Douglass the author of Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass was born and raised on the plantation as a slave. From his early years Douglass experienced life as a slave on a plantation. He was soon relocated to Maryland at the age of seven to the slave owner’s brother Mr. Auld. Douglass is moved back and forth from the plantation to the city. The areas of food , treatment and punishment, and clothing were contrastingRead MoreWilliam Lloyd Garrison And Fredrick Douglass1049 Words   |  5 PagesAbolitionist W.L. Garrison and Fredrick Douglass We all realize during this day and age that slavery was just a terrible historical event in the United States during the early periods and there was a movement of Abolitionism that attempted to rid the United States of slavery. Abolitionist came from several walks of life. There were hundreds of abolitionist as well but some were at the forefront of this movement. William Lloyd Garrison was the founder of the Boston Liberator, the â€Å"LiberatorRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pages1845 Fredrick Douglas wrote an autobiography called The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave. The book tells the story of his life as a slave, being the son of an enslaved woman and a white man and how he finally escaped slavery in 1837. Due to the book he became a leader for an abolitionist movement and spoke and wrote many different things about the evils of slavery. He was the most respected and famous African American in the nineteenth century. Fredrick Douglass usedRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave916 Words   |  4 Pages Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave In Fredrick Douglass’s a narrative, Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave, he narrates an account of his experiences in the dehumanizing institution of slavery. This American institution was strategically formatted to quench any resemblance of human dignity. Throughout, the narration of his life Fredrick Douglas, meticulously illustrates the methodical process that contributed to the perpetual state of slaveryRead MoreThe Meaning Of July Fourth For The Negro By Fredrick Douglass Analysis780 Words   |  4 PagesRochester, New York on July 5th, 1852 by Fredrick Douglass; a former African American slave. In the speech, he discusses the true meaning of the widely celebrated holiday known as The 4th of July and what it really means a Negro. Who was Fredrick Douglass? Fredrick Douglass was born into slavery in Talbot County, Maryland in the year of 1818. In 1838 he managed a successful escape with the help of some friends he had. Fredrick Douglass went on to get married twice in his lifespan

All Children Can Learn and Most at High Levels Free Essays

One of the founding principles of the Kentucky Education Reform Act is the statement that â€Å"All children can learn and most at high levels. † With many states having a significant achievement gap between diverse students, it is becoming more important to hold high expectations for all students. I believe that all children can learn and most at high levels. We will write a custom essay sample on All Children Can Learn and Most at High Levels or any similar topic only for you Order Now But my point is that not all the children can learn at high levels in the same field. As we know the student is the subject of education. Education aims to develope students’ learning potential. But children from different environments have differences in their physiology, intelligence, ability, aptitude, interest, personality traits and emotional development. Therefore some children may gain a great success in music while some others may in math. If we can educate them according to their personalities and individual needs, most children can learn at high levels. American educator John Dewey (John Dewey ,1859-1952) has pointed out that there are plasticity and dependency in the process of one’s growth. This means that the development of a child has unlimited possibilities. The ancient Chinese educator, the Confucius put forward the idea that â€Å"No Child Left Behind† and † Teach students in accordance with their aptitude. † This can be regarded as the practice of the concept that â€Å"every child can learn and most at high levels†. Therefore, whether ancient or modern, Western or Eastern, educators all hold the same concept. We want children to be able to learn and success, the key is the teacher. A professional, high-quality and enthusiastic teacher will be a good fortune to the children. This is why personal development is a necessity to teachers. During these years of teaching I met a lot of challenges to confirm the special needs of children and develope their learning confidence. I always try my best to help each child and encourage them. To teach a student well needs the effort of all parties including parents, teachers and communities. As a home class teacher, I combine all the parties well to improve students’ learning capacities and help them to form clear awareness of themselves. If the children in my class can tap all of their potentials, that will be a great success to me as a teacher. Nowadays, the competition is very fierce. Teachers have the obligation to educate their students to be more competitive in certain area in the society. We don’t have the right to give up any of the children. Today, we have to give up the child. Tomorrow, the child may give up the society. Society will pay a higher price. How to cite All Children Can Learn and Most at High Levels, Papers

Workplace Performances of the Employees-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Can higher stress levels lower the Workplace Performances of the Employees? Answer: Introduction Workplace stress can be the most common factor that contributes to a lower level of productivity of the employees in the organization. Workplace stress can have significant and, in most cases negative, impacts on an employee resulting in lower performance output. Workplace stress can attribute its origin from many areas and can pertain to different changing workplace environments. A work stressor is referred to as an environmental demand that is viewed as being threatening by an employee, which can bring down the productivity level. One of the most significant work stressor can be the changing workplace environment, to which the employee cannot cope with and that affects the performance. In the recent years, the market has been characterized by a declining manufacturing outputs, and emphasis on short term contracts and a boom in the IT sector. Outsourcing, trade union declines and more intense international competition due to globalization has led to the increased stress in the workplace environment. These changing workplace environments have put extra stress load on the employees and can result in a lack of control of the work by the management, longer work hours and decreased holiday times. Rewards being declined with increased job insecurities, coupled with poor feedback and support have also become serious issues that contribute to increasing job stress. Social issues, most commonly some form of discrimination in any way is the biggest societal reason for decline in work performances. Personal life incidents such as death of a spouse, divorce, death of a family member, major health issues are significant aspects that impact professional life of an individual. Person-environment fit model is one of the most important theories that try to describe the relationship between the workplace stress and productivity levels. Conclusion Stress can be a very subjective issue and the results of it are particularly harmful for the organizational output as a whole. The managers and employees both can take certain preventive measures that can be helpful to reduce or at least keep the stress level that an employee experiences at work, which may boost the performances of the person. References Allen, D., 2015.Getting things done: The art of stress-free productivity. Penguin. Beehr, T.A., 2014.Psychological stress in the workplace (psychology revivals). Routledge. McTernan, W.P., Dollard, M.F. and LaMontagne, A.D., 2013. Depression in the workplace: An economic cost analysis of depression-related productivity loss attributable to job strain and bullying.Work Stress,27(4), pp.321-338.