The Great Gatsby Essays (748 words) - The Great Gatsby,

The Great Gatsby Why did Daisy choose Tom in the end In the novel The Great Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan was faced with an enormous decision. She had to choose between Tom; her husband and Jay Gatsby; her lover. Gatsby seemed to be the ideal man of his time. Fabulously wealthy, handsome, charismatic and intriguing, he seemed to be able to offer everything a woman could want. All he wanted in return was Daisy's complete unconditional love. Tom, on the other hand could offer Daisy money, security and freedom. Ultimately Daisy chose the latter. The roaring 20's was an era of total decadence. The first World War had ended and industry was booming. People were becoming millionaires overnight. There seemed to be no end in sight to the prosperity. Although people were becoming rich quickly, old money provided more privilege than new money. Tom Buchanan came from old money. He was a Westerner who was renowned in college for both his football skills and his supremely decadent lifestyle. The narrator states His family were enormously wealthy, even in college his freedom with money was a matter for reproach-but now he'd left Chicago and come East in a fashion that rather took your breath away: for instance, he brought down a string of polo ponies from Lake Forest. Daisy chose to marry Tom because of his wealth and power. Fitzgerald writes There was a wholesome bulkiness about his person and his position and Daisy was flattered. He could offer Daisy prestige in addition to all the old money one could dream of. Gatsby had made his money by illegal means. He was a nobody from nowhere and although he was rich beyond belief, he was one of the hundreds of nouveau riche who lacked the cache of the old money set. Although Gatsby could offer Daisy romance, love, excitement and intrigue, her need for security freedom and money made her eventually choose Tom. In terms of security, Tom could offer much more than Gatsby. Tom's old money could offer Daisy prestige and social position whereas Gatsby's money was quickly and somewhat questionably earned. Everyone including Daisy realized that it could be just as quickly lost. Tom states I found out what your drug-stores were. He and this Wolfshiem bought up a lot of side-street drug-stores here in Chicago and sold grain alcohol over the counter . Tom also said That drug-store business was just small change but you've got something on now that Walter's afraid to tell me about. This proves that Gatsby's money was achieved through corrupt means and his lack of position would leave him vulnerable to prosecution if he were to be caught. On the other hand, Daisy and Tom's elite position in society enabled them to get away with murder. They were able to move away and start anew after hitting Myrtle in the car. Due to the wealth and power of Tom and Daisy, they were able to live with a substantial amount of freedom. They were able to tear apart the lives of people and move on without as much as a backward glance. Nick's judgment of them was They were careless people, Tom and Daisy-they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. Daisy's selection of Tom over Gatsby afforded a somewhat unorthodox freedom. Tom had many mistresses but always returned to Daisy. He said Once in a while I go off and make a fool of myself, but I always come back, and in my heart I love her all the time. Daisy also loved the luxury of having both a husband and a lover but Gatsby would not allow it. He wanted all of her and she could not give that to him. She said Oh, you want too much. I love you now- isn't that enough. Although Gatsby could have offered Daisy a variety of things such as romance, love and excitement, she ultimately chose Tom because of her selfishness. She grew up with old money, security and freedom and was not willing to give it all up for love. I believe that the author chose the name Daisy

Analyse a short story by Dorothy Parker in context of controversy surrounding gender roles during 1920s Essays

Analyse a short story by Dorothy Parker in context of controversy surrounding gender roles during 1920s Essays Analyse a short story by Dorothy Parker in context of controversy surrounding gender roles during 1920s Paper Analyse a short story by Dorothy Parker in context of controversy surrounding gender roles during 1920s Paper Essay Topic: Literature This essay within the framework of the Big Blonde will argue that although women in America were given the right to vote during the 1920s, they were still struggling for social and economic equality with men. New York City was a place of male control and power, where a woman was considered a second-class citizen at best. A woman was a source of entertainment for the men; showing that any importance woman might have had relied heavily upon the men they were affiliated with. While many women endorsed the career of a homemaker, there were also the protagonists of the time who made an attempt to expand their equality. In A Big Blonde, Dorothy Parker tells the story of such a woman, Hazel Morse who has the potential of her male counterpart though due her gender is made to feel that her self-worth and ability is just not good enough, and like most women of the time would have to prove herself. An analogy quite common in the 20s, which was enforced with absolute conviction with no room for any doubts that perhaps women might just be better, or able enough to do things that had been traditionally allocated and inherently representative of men. Compelled to represent her in a different way. She resorts to superficiality in presenting herself in a manner that a male dominated society would find attractive. Done so, in the name of acceptance, or being a good sport how Parker would have put it. Women were paying the price of such acceptance dearly for simply the right to fit in and find their marks of equality, as long as such a price was paid, the acceptance would remain. This story clearly illustrates the controversy that surrounded gender roles, and the hardships women had to face to find an equal place in society. How they had been trapped by either domesticity or placed in a society where a corresponding mask was needed for the corresponding occasion. As harsh as it may sound such a situation could only be described as a faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade by both sexes, men to keep women unquestioning and confined to such roles of the wife, the mother, or an entertainer hosting parties and so on. Supposedly depend upon your class affiliation. No matter what the case women to certain an extent brought this upon themselves through their unquestioning posture towards such confinement and striving for no real impetus in changing things. In this particular era merely resorting to making the most of what they did have, giving themselves a certain sense of importance within the confines of their world. Which for most women may have initially been exciting, though certainly must have been difficult to maintain and overtime may have caused an identity crisis amongst large numbers of women, uncertain of where they stand within society, a then male dominated society. Pushing women to either search for stronger means of liberation or dissolve into their created identity. The story continues of how Hazel gets tired of living this lie and when she begins to feel relaxed with the trust and acceptance she has received, she allows herself to release her inhibitions. Her husband Herbie is angered to discover his wifes new personality and behaves as though he has encountered not his wife, but a stranger. Herbie thought he had married his ideal woman a big breasted, fun loving blonde. Never did it occur to him that there could be anything more to Hazel than that.1 By this, we may understand that when the woman displayed their emotions and sadness, they would most certainly be disregarded as unknowns for simply being themselves. Through Hazel Morse, Parker tells the story of many women who are in search of contentment and total liberation but who may never find it. Hopefully this exercise will shed some light on the grey areas and in general the controversy that surrounded gender roles in the 1920s. Principally due to the inequality and double standards of sexes. Where one party is easily accepted while the other must struggle for acceptance when rebelling against conformist conventions. The 1920s America is often considered to be an era of fun and liberation, where women easily entered social circles and enjoyed new freedoms. But inadvertently freedoms that came at a price, which still had not guaranteed a total release from the restraints of the time. Which are picked up by Parker and articulated through the experiences of her protagonist Morse. The title itself draws our attention to her physical appearance and the cultural significance of such attributes that we associate with her attractiveness, especially to men and how they perceive her and through such perceptions create somewhat stereotypical expectations. Hazels blondness interprets a distinct femininity and carries sexual implications. However, she enjoys the attention and popularity amongst men: Popularity seemed to be worth all the work you had to put into its achievement. Men liked you because you were fun, and when they liked you they took you out, and there you were. So, and successfully, she was fun, she was a good sport. Men liked a good sport.2 The city culture is depicted as male dominated and while the men held stable jobs, women were expected to be a source of many things, one of which was entertainment. They were not encouraged to be educated for possible fear that this would give women greater financial independence, thus self reliance and freedom as Darwins theory of womens inferiority would suggest: In The Descent of Man, Darwin wrote that, Man is more powerful in body and mind than woman, and in the savage state he keeps her in a far more abject state of bondage than does the male of any other animal; therefore it is not surprising that he should have gained the power and selection.3 Evolution was in the hands of men, and women were basically passive. As a result, women had evolved less and were more primitive, for which reason women were dominated by instincts and emotions.4 We may understand that although women were given the right to vote and liberated, they were still underestimated and expected to fail due to their alleged primitive disposition. However, the event of World War I had given women an opportunity to gain some financial independence and social freedom, which were further expanded during the 1920s when women made many changes in the social arena introducing bobbed-hair cuts, going without corsets, scantier underwear and knee-length skirts; also enjoying drinking, smoking and sexual freedom. The former taboo was now openly displayed and available, and men readily assisted women in expressing their freedom. Parker shows how men enforced such liberation and how they would indeed benefit from the new standards for socialising and sexuality. Men, who had been at war, now returned to their daily jobs and those in professional occupations could clearly afford a lavish lifestyle. Though true happiness had no price, men had found that every other p leasantry did. Those who supplied these pleasantries did so at the cost of any real freedom to express themselves. Parker portrays the male characters in her story as men who have money and who can afford to take care of the financial welfare of a woman or women in their lives. They are sketched as men of importance, who are hard-working and often due to their professional success are regarded as good men who possess correct moral conduct. But Parker shows how this is not always true, how these men have loose morals and their understanding of a womans worth is to be a source for their benefit and enjoyment. The young male doctor, who lives in Hazels apartment building, is engaged in a vaguely sexual encounter with a prostitute who is there to help him unwind after a hard day. This man of authority is just like the many other men, who use this high stature of influence and power to their advantage, to fully explore and engage themselves in a physical manner without any true interest in trying to discover any real emotions. Although women in its initially enjoyed this attention, they soon realised that they found no contentment in this lifestyle. It also proves exhausting, as Hazel Morses begins to feel. Her duty to find a husband and keep him happy is half fulfilled when she marries Herbie, who wants a wife that is fun and enjoyable. His expectations of married life are different to that of his wifes. For Hazel, who has been a good sport for too long and exhausted of this faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade, gladly receives marriage as an alternative to the life she knew. Feeling relaxed in her settlement, Hazel releases her internal experience, she wants to explain her exhaustion and sadness but does not find any comfort, instead is abandoned because she is no longer fun to be with. The other men Hazel encounters are also strikingly similar to Herbie, who only enjoy her company when she is cheerful and willing. Here we see again how she is not wanted when she is in low spirits: She was instantly unattractive when she was low in spirits. Once, at Jimmys when she couldnt make herself lively, Ed had walked out and left her. Why the hell dont you stay at home and not go spoiling everybodys evening? he had roared.5 Why was it necessary for her to make herself lively? Hazel did not have this expectation of people, this is evident from her relationships; she would devote all her energy and persona to please others, possibly like many women of the time. This was one of the reasons why she was so unhappy and depressed. She needed to feel loved and accepted for who she was; she wanted to be appreciated as an individual and not just in terms of a category. This itself was enough to cause a sense of insecurity and depression in a male dominated world. Where the men are depicted as unstable and not always reliable, who would most certainly lose interest in her? During the 1920s, depression was more common among women than men, and this still remains a fact today. American women are twice as more likely to suffer from depression than men: More than 19 million Americans suffer from depression yearly and women are twice as likely as men to experience a major depressive episode. Depression may occur at any age during a womans life with certain events like puberty, pregnancy, per menopause, trauma, substance abuse and quality of relationships increasing the risk, according to the leading authorities on the etiologies and treatments for depression.6 From this we may understand that our individual history, formed by our own personal experiences is what shapes our state of mind. We may question whether women are more likely to suffer from depression because of some of their own weaknesses, or those in the conditions in which they live? On the other hand, are these weaknesses in their surroundings created through the ones within themselves? We may apply these questions to Parkers women both in the story and in the general, who have a superficial appearance of liberation. This newfound freedom and rebellious lifestyle becomes psychologically strenuous and exhausting. A much-needed escape is required from a situation partially created by the weaknesses in themselves and in the conditions in which they live. The depressed person can barely envisage circumstances that would improve her condition. For the depressed person sees not so much the world, but herself at fault. For her, the way out, the solution is usually seen as death. Dead, she will no longer have to suffer and endure this hopeless: changeless, endless emptiness.7 We can compare this analysis of depression to women like Hazel Morse, who are looking for a way out and with a belief that the fault lies within them, and so the only escape is to escape from oneself. The rewards for being fun and cheerful are no longer enjoyed anymore, instead life has become dull and sad and all sorrows become her sorrows. Hazel realises her sadness, which causes an involuntary recognition of the pain of those around her: As she slowly crossed Sixth Avenue, consciously dragging one foot past the other, a big, scarred horse pulling a rickety express-wagon crashed to its knees before her. The driver swore and screamed and lashed the beast insanely, bringing the whip back over his shoulder for every blow, while the horse struggled to get a footing on the slippery asphalt.8 A metaphorical connection is drawn for Hazel and the horse, how they are both on a journey of someone elses pleasure and purpose. How they are both exhausted by the heavy loads they must carry without appreciation, and they must suffer silently in a world that has no understanding of their emotions or regards for their feelings. The controversy that surrounded gender roles was due to the inequality imposed upon women. They wanted to enjoy the lifestyle that the men enjoyed and with an equal acceptance, they wanted to drink and smoke and have sexual relationships just like men, where the men rebelled against social conventions, the women wanted to rebel too. However, this rebellion was a lot easier for men, at times not even a rebellion but a normal part of their inheritance, habitually bestowed upon them, simply due to their gender. Men perceived women as a source of pleasure or a homemaker at most. A lot of the characterisations of the 20s were stereotyped and based on an opinion that women can be judged by their appearance. For example, a blonde is often perceived to be dumb, dizzy and happy. For reasons, which were quite common, back then, to name a few, weaknesses, depression, over-indulgence in alcohol, and principally obedience by women to such conformist ideas. As women back then knew what was required of them and did what they where told in a male dominated world. Which in all fairness to the 20s in a certain sense can be true even of today though such things are not referenced to as openly, though still exist in more inconspicuous manner. Due to the gender discrimination and equality laws that have been enact and imposed upon both sexes to prevent such categorisations. Though not to say such representations do not exist anymore. Saying that, I would also like to point to the fact that the 20s were considered to be a period dominated by women. Not entirely sure in what context such a statement could be appropriated, though if where to base an opinion on extracts and literature of the time it would suggest that the period did give them social, economic and sexual freedom. Although the women enjoyed these liberties, men equally enjoyed them too. I think sources from that period that point to such liberties are corresponding with the past when womens roles were very much confined even more so than the present. In no way am I saying that the 20s was a model of gender equality as the world has come a long way since then and is still evolving. Though what is interesting is the price women had to pay for the supposed freedoms they did enjoy. Something Parker makes repeated reference to through writing about male representations of women how they held an idea that women were there as a means for their entertainment. But the women who contributed in fulfilling these expectations stretched this idea further. It was these expectations that created the controversy in gender roles.

SAP SYSTEM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SAP SYSTEM - Essay Example The following report is a critical analysis of adoption of SAP systems in business environment and challenges and benefits that are derived by implementing SAP from accounting perspective. For the purpose of analysis first an overview of the SAP systems is provided and is compared with Oracle financial accounting. Challenges and benefits of SAP are analyzed by means of literature review. From the analysis of challenges recommendations are provided which lead to the success factors of SAP. SAP stands for Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte which is the German word meaning Systems applications and products. SAP ERP system is used to encompass a wide range of software products that supports day-to-day business operations and activities. ERP serves different industries and several functional aspects in integrated approach. The attempt is to automate different operations from supply chain management, inventory control and almost any management process that uses data. Many business organizations use SAP for their entire business functions. Other business organization use SAP for some specific business functions only. The reason for the wide acceptance and the popularity behind SAP is this functionality that allows it to be designed and customized in accordance with the requirement of particular organization. Most organizations earlier used standalone software to perform  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­individual functions. However since ERP has been invented all these individual and stand alon e functions have been integrated and can be performed by this single software package alone. In case of standalone system for a particular change to be incorporated and taken into account the companies had to modify each functional software separately which was time consuming and expensive. However, since SAP has come into the picture all this cumbersome and difficulties have been resolved. For example if a salesman would have earlier completed an order then it was required that

Diabetes type 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diabetes type 2 - Essay Example It is a condition in which the body fails to produce cells that are responsible for producing insulin leading to a condition known as insulin resistance. (Hopkins, 2010). Insulin is a hormone which is produced by the pancreas in our body and is mainly responsible for regulating the conversion of sugar into energy as the body fails to metabolize glucose in a proper way. Due to insulin resistance or failure of body cells to use insulin, glucose deposits in the blood instead of going into cells which mostly leads to many complications. (Mycek, 2007). SYMPTOMS: It is indicated that type 2 diabetes occurs due to a combination of environmental and genetic factors .Some of the symptoms of diabetes mellitus 2 include increased feeling of thirst and frequent urination, the urge to eat more, darkened patches of skin, and delayed healing of wounds and skin scratches, blurred vision accompanied by fatigue and an observable loss in weight (Hans, 2007). PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN AUSTRALIA: Studies have shown that statistics of diabetes mellitus type 2 doubled in Australia in the last two decades 16 % to 20 % of people suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 have shown to exhibit lesser abnormalities related to tolerance of glucose level. . (Dowse GK, Gareebo H & Zimmet PZ 2009). Moreover a large population residing in Australia is unaware of the fact that they have diabetes mellitus type 2 and also 55 % of the population of Australia suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 exhibit obesity, an increase in blood pressure making them hypertensive and large population also have a family history of diabetes. Researches and data gathered have shown reduction in prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus by following proper dietary plans. (Shaw, 2003). PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: According to various studies conducted during the year 2010 on prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States of America, it was reported that about 25.8 mill ion citizens of U.S have diabetes mellitus type 2 out of which 10.8 million populations comprises of women older than 20 years, 13 million populations comprised of men who were older than 20 years, 10.9 percent population suffering from type 2 diabetes was the older age group ranging between ages of 60 years to 70 years. Type 2 diabetes was ranked as the fifth most serious cause of disease leading to death of people in the United States of America during the year 2010 by the American Diabetes Association. (Hopkins, 2010) PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN A DEVELOPING ASIAN COUNTRY: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 is increasing at an alarming rate in India and is one of the major health issues over there. Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been reported to affect a great number of the population in India in last some years. According to several researches carried out globally and at national level it was reported that approximately 61.3 million people in India had diabetes in the yea r 2011 and it is feared that this figure might reach to 101.2 million by the year 2030. (Avasthi, 2005) ROLE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN AUSTRALIA FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2: DIAGNOSIS: In order to confirm that a specific person has been affected by diabetes mellitus

The Choice of Green Technology Project by Projmanics LTD Assignment

The Choice of Green Technology Project by Projmanics LTD - Assignment Example Finally, it intends to get the views of the management on whether the project will deliver their set objectives. The team conducted a research to find out the needs of the consumers and stakeholders who are the main beneficiary of this project. The methods employed in collecting data from the stakeholders of this project included interviews, focused group discussions, and customer reviews from the website of projmanics (Sproul, Wan, Mandel & Rosenfeld, 2014). This was done to ensure that the needs of the stakeholders were prioritized in coming up with this type of project. The team intended to come up with an idea that was user-centered and not an idea that originates from the management. When users of projmanics were interviewed to give their opinion on the types of products and services they wanted, they were fast to point out innovation. Being concerned about their environment and the prevailing climate change, the citizens of UAE wanted to see the company come up with environmentally friendly products. This was motivated by the recent entry of the country in the list of top tourist destinations in the world. Projmanics, which for a very long time had dealt in the manufacture of various products ranging from electronics to machinery, also had to share in the vision and goals of their consumers (Harris, Barucci, Cano, Fitzsimmons, Fulchignoni, Green & Schà ¤fer, 2013). It is against this backdrop that the team proposed green technology as the next feature to see the growth of the company in the country and also abroad. This was to join the rest of the world and be on the forefront in leading the green technology revolution. The aim of this project is to see the company build another plant responsible for the manufacture of eco-friendly products such as electronics and machinery. These  include such things as energy generating equipment like solar panels, wind turbines and other machines that utilize green energy like solar-powered automobiles.

Understanding Of Elemental Cost Analysis Construction Essay

Understanding Of Elemental Cost Analysis Construction Essay The analysis is actually done to be used by the designer and the client for future project and therefore, comparison between two or more buildings can be made. This is brief project cost information gathered from bills of quantities. Apart from the cost analysis, information such a brief project specifications and the overall project information are also included in the ECA. Purpose for ECA To show the cost relationships between several sections/ parts of the building, if there are any. To allow comparisons of cost with other different projects. The cost that is obtained from the cost analysis is insufficient to determine the actual price. It has to take into account the conditions and the details of the project and the quality and quantity of work involved. The cost analysis has been introduced to provide cost information especially for the process of cost planning. The cost analysis is prepared by examining the information of a project which has been planned or constructed in which the bills of quantities have been priced. Therefore, the cost analysis is prepared based on the data received from the successful tender and is not based on the actual sum of the project. However, there are several reasons as to why the cost analysis is not prepared based on the actual cost: The final account is often complex and requires much ttime to analyze the changes in the account. This would result in the decreasing interest of the individual preparing the cost analysis. The preparation of the final account is time consuming due to several reasons and this could result in the cost analysis that is published to be out-dated The historical data for cost planning may not be accurate especially during high inflation (although there are procedures to update this by using indices). It is difficult to make allocations for the increase in cost and contractual claims, which are tailored to the individual elements. Uses of ECA Appreciation It enables clients and designers to know and appreciate how cost is distributed among the functional components of a building and compared to the overall cost of a building. Judgment It enables clients and designers to develop ideas as to how element costs could have been allocated to obtain a more balanced design. This judgement is important to gauge the effectiveness of cost and quality of a building. Belated remedial action Allows remedial action to be taken on receipt of high tender, by revealing the sources of over-expenditure that is by making comparisons between estimated costs and tender price. This will enable belated remedial action to be taken. Planning The cost analysis could be used as a source of cost information to help with the cost planning of future building projects. Abbreviations of forms To simplify the elaboration the author will use the following abbreviations for each form. Form 1 F/1 Form 2 F/2 Form 3 F/3 FORM 1 Information on total project and analyzed building This form is divided into two sections; the first section provides overall information on the project including the location, the client, type of contract etc. The second section provides information and analysis of a single building. Each separate building in the project has a different analysis. The main purpose for the information in Form 1 is to inform the user of the analysis the background of the project and the condition of its price level. This will enable the user to make the necessary adjustments to cater for differences in location, market condition, type of contract, size of contract and specifications of the project. Building type and Code : There are ten classifications on types of building based on (C1/SfB Classification Table 0): 0 : Land, Planning, Landscape 1 : Civil Engineering Work 2 : Transport, Industrial Buildings 3 : Administrative Buildings 4 : Health and Welfare Buildings 5 : Refreshment, Recreation Buildings 6 : Religious Buildings 7 : Educational, Cultural, Scientific Buildings 8 : Residential Buildings 9 : Buildings, Spaces in general Residential Buildings for this project shall be classed under category 8: Buildings, Spaces in general Construction Classes: Construction classes are divided into: A : Reinforced concrete framed construction B : Steel framed construction C : Timber framed construction D : Light framed steel or reinforced concrete construction A 2 321 A 2-storey reinforced concrete framed construction with Gross Floor Area of 321m2 is expressed as follows: The combination of a 2 storey hall building made of reinforced concrete framed construction with Gross Floor Area of 321m2 is expressed as follows: A 321 3- Residential Buildings 3) Job Title: Cadangan Membina Sebuah Banglo 2 Tingkat 4) Location: Daerah Melaka Tengah, Melaka 5) Client: State the type of client whether government, private or semi government-Private 6) Tender date: Date fixed for close of tender- 7/1/2007 INFORMATION ON TOTAL PROJECT 7) Project details and site condition: Explanation shall include the following: Project description Accessibility to site Proximity of other buildings Site topographical and geological conditions Weather Any omission or exclusion from project Example of elaboration: The project comprise the construction and completion of 2 storey banglo and associated ancillary building and external works. The purpose site is flat and in good condition. 8) Contract: Type of contract used Standard PAM Form of Contract (with quantities) 9) Market Condition: Brief report on market condition shall be provided with regard to availability of materials and labour, keenness and competition Market condition is competitive and price of labour and materials are stable. 10) Tender List: List of tenders received. If the number is too many, state at least the lowest five, arranged in descending order. The highest tender value is listed last in the table. Indicate whether tenders were from local builders (L), by international builders (INT), or by joint venture between the two (JV). Refer to tender report. If there are only a few tenders, the list is as follows: RM Int/JV/L 325060 L 320000 L 289500 L 255200 L If the tender list is extensive, the list is as follows : RM Int/JV/L 325060 L 320000 L 289500 L *255200 L *The highest tender value AREAS 11) Gross Floor Area: Method of measurement: Total of all enclosed spaces fulfilling the functional requirements of a building measured to the internal face of enclosing walls (or column, door and the like) Enclosed spaces are defined as all spaces that have a floor and a ceiling and enclosing walls on all sides at full or partial height. Open balustrades, louvers, screens, columns and the like shall be deemed enclosing walls. The gross floor area is measured gross without omission to areas occupied by columns, internal structures or party walls, etc. Areas of lift rooms, tank rooms, engine rooms and the like above main roof are also calculated in GFA. Sloping surfaces such as staircases, galleries, tiered terraces and the like shall be measured flat on plan Spaces that fulfill the functional requirements of building which are not enclosed spaces shall be shown separately under Unenclosed Spaces. B L: Measured gross without omission to areas occupied by columns, staircases and partitions. GFA = 6156m2 Usable area 231 Circulation area 32 Ancillary area 48 Internal divisions 10 GFA 321 FORM 2 Summary of element costs In general, Form 2 shows the systematic breakdown of the costs of elements of a building. There are more than 20 elements in Form 2 and each element is grouped under six group elements (five building groups and one for each group element of external work and preliminary work). Form 2 provides information on the total cost of element, cost per m2 GFA, element unit quantity, element unit rate, ratio of element per m2 GFA, etc which could be used to make a realistic estimate and to prepare the cost plan for new projects. It could also be used to make cost comparisons to ensure cost does not exceed the estimate. Total cost of element (RM): This is the total cost of element and the cost shall follow the List and Contents of element in the Manual. If cost is not related to the said element, (-) shall be inserted. If costs of more than one element are group together, abbreviated notes shall be provided explaining where they are grouped. All the total cost made from Bills of Quantities or calculated by EUQ x EUR. WBLFF : Total cost of element = EUQ x EUR = 136 m2 x 125 = RM 17000.00 Cost/m2 GFA (RM) : Calculated by dividing Total Cost of element with GFA. FRAME : Cost/m2 GFA = Total Cost GFA = RM 255,200 321 m2 = RM 795.016/m2 Element Unit Quantity : All areas shall be the net areas, for example, area for external walls shall omit area of windows and doors, etc. if the quantity is measured in volume (air conditioning spaces) volume is calculated by multiplying the net area with the height of the space to be air conditioned. The abbreviation used is Tm3. All the amount according to taking off or measured through drawings. Element Unit Rate (RM) : Calculated by dividing Total Cost of Element with Element Unit Quantity. It is rounded off to the nearest ringgit. UPPER FLOORS : Element unit rate = Total Cost EUQ = RM 8000.00 185 m2 = 43.24 Element Ratio /m2 GFA : Calculated by dividing Element Unit Quantity with GFA. It is stated to three decimal places. ROOF : Element ratio/m2 GFA = EUQ GFA = 204 m2 321 m2 = 0.636 Reinforced Concrete (m3) : Quantity of reinforced concrete in elements in m3. Reinforcement (kg) : Quantity of reinforcement in kg. Formwork (m2) : Quantity of formwork in m2. FORM 3 Brief Specification Form 3 provides brief information on project specifications based on each element. It briefly describes the various components in each element including the types and quality of materials used. This form provides a brief picture of the building standards and quality and this information is important for cost comparison purposes. It can be refer to the list and contents of elements. Elaborate briefly the specifications according to the elements. All the specification had made from Bills of Quantities. For example of the specification in the elemental cost analysis, in piling works, the specification must have all works related to foundation piling including sheet piling left in and also need to state the system used, whether it is consultants design or otherwise, number, average length and size of the pile. BENEFIT OF ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS ECA means the analyze of cost related to the elements, in construction industry a building or any kind of construction we can divide into number of elements, and price of which is related with that element is called as an elemental cost, elemental costs include material costs, labor costs, and sub-contractor overhead and profit. ECA is also important and give benefits due to the companies that can intends to establish a cost information service by setting out goals and collecting information in a planned and systematic way in collecting and spreading information on a number of elemental cost plans available at the moment. These cost plans will further expanded and users will be able to select the database using a range of criteria, among others, type of building, floor area, date, client type, number of stories, location and method of construction. ECA does help a quantity surveyor when it comes to similar projects that are gone to be built next due to its feature that act as a reference about the price or cost information that is useful to prepare a budget plan. Although it is roughly similar, the project that is being compared to previous projects ECA must be in the relevant range of time CONCLUSION The Elemental Cost Analysis (ECA) is relevant to used. The cost analysis is prepared by examining the information of a project which has been planned or constructed in which the bills of quantities have been priced. Therefore, the cost analysis is prepared based on the data received from the successful tender and is not based on the actual sum of the project. That is the price quoted in the Final Account. There is a possibility for some to think that it would be better to analyses the actual cost as compared to the cost predicted in the tender.

Pay and Pay Detemination Essay -- Employment, Wages, Salaried Workers

The main intention of this essay is to discuss whether the wage earners and the salaried workers are paid according to market value, state edict, or the operational needs of the business and so forth. Indeed, Roberts (1972) implied that the labour cost associated with the pay matters can be the factors to pay determination, such as, affected to the legal regulations and political environments in specific nation, the dimensions view of labour forces and the decisions of the organization in top management. Why pay is important matters to workers, employers and the governments? Admittedly, pay is one of the most significant determinants of benefits to those who works and earns for living. So, to let the readers to understand more about the issue, the explanation on the key term, pay, will be the first and foremost. Generally, ‘pay’ can be referred to the wage and salary for the workforce, as the return of their efforts which putting into the work tasks. In reference to the Oxford English Dictionary, ‘pay’ has several explanations, and the most relevant will be as ‘†¦give someone money that is due for work done, goods received, or a debt incurred†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Oxford University Press, 2011). Additionally, from the economic terms, there are four types of factors of production, namely as land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship, functioned to describe the input of resources and used to create goods and services (Lipsey and Chrystal, 1999; Vengedasalam and Madhavan, 2007). In more specific terms, derived from the terms as above, ‘labour’, combined together with the terms of pay, this can be decoded that the labour forces have been charged and received their wages and salaries for the labour services that they provided to the employers. As Edwa... ...: In the early age, as the record from Kahn-Freund (1954 cited in Dickens and Hall ,2003, p.125), he quoted that by a leading academic lawyer’s comment about the limited role of British employment law in the period from 1870 to 1960s, as ‘There is, perhaps, no major country in the world in which the law has played a less significant role in the shaping of industrial relations than in Great Britain and in which today the law and legal profession have less to do with labour relations’. Although such statements verified that the legislation during that time has not comprehensive enough to cover the issues of industrial relations, this implied that the laws can play a vital role to such matter, bring more and more significant impacts when more and more areas are covered. So, the following will discuss about the way s of the state intervention directly and indirectly.

Merit raises

Discuss the problems identified with merit raises. As a manager/owner of your own company what would you do to insure that merit raises fulfilled their intended value? Merit raises are typically continued throughout time and job performance is not evaluated before they occur. Typically, employees decide on a steadily increase and see it as being unrelated to performance, but to the time put forth and loyalty to the said company. For the most part, many do no trust management and dislike the concept of merit raises. These incentives typically become incentives for seniority and not related to how well someone does their job. Some other problems with merit raises include the availability of money may be inadequate to the employees base pay. Managers may also have no guidance in how to define a rate increase and/or how to measure performance to determine future increases. There may be a lack of honesty and belief in trust between employees and managers because of these situations. Any deficiencies involved wiht a performance rate program may not allow this to work in a positive fashion. Organizations such as Boeing, Timex, and Westinghouse have implemented a lump-sum merit program. Employyes with this program receive a single lump-sum increase at the time of their review, not added to their salary, more bonus related. Unless management takes any further action, their salary stays the same until a promotion is offered to them. This allows management to control finances more efficiently. This can be done yearly or several times a year. Ultimately, I believe an evaluation program would need to be implemented in order to create a fair pay scale raise. I would implement ways to evaluate current tasks, success within these tasks, problem-solving and effectiveness in one’s job, and also look for employees who go above and beyond their expectations. All of these issues would be evaluated in order to create a positive, but appealing pay scale increase for employees. This would create a more fair work setting and would allow employees to feel more positive about their job and accomplishing what their responsibilities are.

Values in Workplace

Values in Workplace Work is the place where people spend most of their time. Coming there early in the morning and leaving late in the evening, many people work at night and spend weekends there trying to achieve results.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Values in Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Work is the way to become financially independent and successful for many people, others consider work as the way to enjoy the things they like. Anyway, different people have various values in the workplace. As for me, I consider motivation, result and healthy environment in the workplace as the greatest values. I can easily explain why I have such belief. Motivation should be one of the strongest values in the company. I am inclined to think that if people are not motivated accordingly, their working performance becomes lower, they fail some tasks, clients are dissatisfied and it brings to many specific problems which create additiona l complications for the company in the means of gaining profit. Highly motivated employees work better. They have better mood and all the work they perform they do with pleasure. There are different ways how employees may be motivated, financially, by career development, by means of the personal growth, and other specific conditions aimed at satisfying the employees’ needs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, motivating employees, it is possible to achieve better work performance and higher efficiency for the company. Result is another value which is to be considered. The desire to achieve result should be the primary purpose in the company. Working either individually or in team employees should spend much time on planning the possible outcome of the performance and working on the goal achievement. Result should be valued for many reasons. First of a ll, this is the main condition for getting income; second, result is the last stage of the task performance which is important. Employees should see what they have achieved. Third, result is one of the main measures of the working performance. It helps understand the efficiency of the working process, the competence of the employees and their interest in the work. Bringing value on a result, the employees show their interest in the company success. Finally, the healthy environment in the company should be highly valued. The healthy environment involves many specific measures and conditions aimed at achieving the only result, at making sure that all the employees are satisfied with the work and with the people they are surrounded with and at reducing negative feelings. The value of the healthy environment at the workplace shows that the company managers take care of their employees and want to make sure that the conflicts are absent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sa mple on Values in Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The companies with unhealthy working environment have many difficulties in work performance and result achieving. Healthy environment covers supportive relationships, successful ethical norms and legal behavior in the company. Therefore, it may be concluded that having various values, I highly appreciate the companies which appraise motivation, result and healthy environment at the workplace. Being the central values for the company, these issues help successfully complete the working process, develop personally and professionally and remain satisfied with the work which are the most important aspects in the rush and highly depressive world we have to live in. Spending much time in the working place, it is essential to be satisfied with what one does as it is going to influence human condition and life performance.

Individual Rights essays

Individual Rights essays A person with HIV/AIDS should have the same rights as any other individual without HIV/AIDS. Everyone should be treated equally, without discrimination. We have been taught that discrimination is wrong, so why would it be okay to be intolerant towards someone with HIV/AIDS? There should be no exception; a person should be treated equally with or without this disease. The victims whom suffer from this disease are human beings as well; they are no different from you. If Apartheid was still practiced in South Africa, that would be unconstitutional. If the people who have HIV/AIDS were to be secluded from rest of the society it would be the same as Apartheid. These people are the same as any other human being, they have feelings and they suffer. They should not endure discrimination or have their rights taken away, they suffer enough from the illness. It would be wrong to show prejudice towards a person of the different sex or religion, and to discriminate a person because AIDS affects them is just as wrong. Many might not have the same opinions or thoughts because they have considered the risks of living among people with HIV/AIDS. However, there are other ways to help the society control the spread of HIV/AIDS. Education would be key here, safety tips for the prevention of HIV can help enormously. Another option would be to just precautions when dealing with HIV/AIDS. If the right precautions are made, then the virus cannot harm others. Others believe that victims of HIV/AIDS should be quarantined or secluded to prevent this disease. This nevertheless, it is not only a horrible way to treat people, it goes against what we have worked so hard to achieve, equity. And judging by the statistics there are more that 38 million people with AIDS in the world, quarantine would seem very unrealistic. What we have to understand is that AIDS cannot be vanished that easily, taking such drastic actions wil ...

System analysis and design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

System analysis and design - Coursework Example The system is supposed to work in the construction industry where it is supposed to allow for easier recording of the different equipments. It is also supposed to allow for the generation of the different reports suiting the needs of the users. The workers carried an analysis of the existing manual systems in order to come up with a diagram of the new systems. Different mode of data collection were used which included questionnaires and interviews. Interviewees were supposed to be the people who were participating in the current manual system and managers of the organization. To make sure correct information was given, first the interviewees were taught of the importance of the information that they were providing, and the need of it being correct. The answers given during the interviews were recorded, and the system design was drawn. To make sure that the system requirements had been captured in the system design, the experts visited a neighboring company by the name John contractors, who had a similar system implemented the previous year. This enabled us to learn some of the problem that was encountered by the team after deployment and improvements that were suggested. After the analysis of the current system, the team had to come up with a design of the online system. We had also to come up with the implementation mode which was arrived at that the system should be web based and have a database. The design took into consideration the different modules and requirements of the system which had been supplied to us in the specification document. Owing to security measures and need of availability of the system, it was to be designed in a way that it was to run from a server within the organization. The system included different levels of users who included the managers and the subordinate staff. 1. Offer security of information- The system ensured this by requiring people to log in before accessing it. This is made possible by having a

Information Technology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Information Technology - Term Paper Example of the future that will guide how various pieces of new technology are either successfully integrated within the scope of any given project, or are discarded as being unnecessarily and waste of resources. As you know, Magnum Enterprises has enlisted my to head the information technology management team. As such, I wish to outline my understanding of what this important role entails, and how such an effective management of new software and hardware to implemented company wide can help to facilitate a more streamlined and profitable business model in the end. Not all software and hardware is created equal. Software developers and hardware engineers, for example, do not necessarily concern themselves with the practical applications of their various inventions. Instead, they are tunnel visioned on creating the best product they can, regardless of the end user or industry that will eventually make use of them. These individuals are sorely needed in the information technology realm of the modern age, yet recent history has shown us that they are not necessarily equipped to adequately manage the effective implementation of such products with the scheme and scope that defines Magnum Enterpri ses. In fact, some software packages and hardware tools may the best available, yet be determined to be inefficient within the working organisation that we ourselves have created. As such, it will be my role to work with my team to determine the very best products on the market that will truly push us forward with maximum efficiency and productivity. In my estimation, that is the role of the information technology manager. The first task our team should accomplish is to analyze the needs and priorities that we have in each division at Magnum. We need to ensure that we understand these critical areas in order to effectively manage the software and hardware that we incorporate into these areas to meet the objectives of each respective team (Benamai, 2007). In essence, the